The recent decision by the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs to include hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) in List II of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances has significant implications.
This compound, which until now operated in a legal void in many countries, will now be regulated similarly to THC and methamphetamine.
What is HHC?
Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid derived from tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. Its production involves a hydrogenation process, similar to that used in the food industry to transform vegetable oils into saturated fats. This chemical reaction adds hydrogen molecules to the double bonds in THC, resulting in a more stable molecule resistant to oxidative degradation.
From a laboratory perspective, HHC is found as a mixture of isomers, primarily 9R-HHC and 9S-HHC. The former has a higher affinity for cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, whereas the latter exhibits lower biological activity. This variability in composition can influence the potency and effects of the final product, highlighting the importance of quality control and standardization in its production.
Chemical, pharmacological properties and the effects of HHC
HHC has a molecular formula of C₂₁H₃₂O₂ and a molecular weight of 316.48 g/mol. It primarily binds to CB1 receptors in the endocannabinoid system, producing psychoactive effects comparable to THC. Its hydrogenated structure grants it greater chemical stability, increasing the compound's shelf life and making it attractive to the industry.
Although considered less potent than THC, HHC can produce a range of similar effects:
- Mild to moderate euphoria
- Alteration of sensory perception
- Muscle relaxation
- Increased appetite
- Drowsiness
Reasons for the regulation
The rapid expansion of HHC in international markets, facilitated by the absence of clear regulations and its simple production, has raised concerns among health authorities. The World Health Organization (WHO) has pointed out that the consumption of HHC could pose significant health risks.
Among these, it has been observed that, like THC, HHC can induce episodes of acute anxiety, paranoia, and even psychotic symptoms at high doses or in susceptible individuals. Additionally, cardiovascular effects have been reported, including tachycardia, hypotension, and, in extreme cases, the potential to trigger acute coronary syndromes in predisposed individuals.
Implications of the UN decision
With the inclusion of HHC in List II, all UN member countries are required to implement strict regulations on this substance. This means that its production and distribution will only be permitted for authorized scientific or medical purposes.
Activities related to HHC, such as manufacturing, trade, import, and export, will need to be licensed and supervised by the relevant authorities. Unauthorized possession, production, or sale will be penalized under national laws, including fines and imprisonment.
The decision has received mixed opinions. While many governments and health professionals consider it a necessary step to protect public health, some experts warn that the ban could encourage the production and distribution of HHC on the black market, increasing associated risks due to a lack of quality control and oversight.
This concern is based on previous experiences with the prohibition of other substances, where the lack of regulation led to the emergence of adulterated and more dangerous products for consumers.
Photo: Elsa Olofsson/Unsplash
Impact on the cannabis industry
For laboratories like Allora Labs, this measure presents both a challenge and an opportunity. It is crucial to develop precise analytical methods for the identification and quantification of HHC in complex matrices. Additionally, the regulation could encourage studies on the therapeutic potential of HHC in a controlled environment. The industry must adapt to the new legal frameworks to avoid sanctions and ensure the quality of its products.
For cannabis laboratories, dispensaries, and manufacturers of cannabis-derived products, this regulation represents a significant challenge. Companies that had bet on HHC as a legal alternative to THC will now face severe restrictions on its production and commercialization.
Legal status of HHC in different regions
In the United States, the DEA has begun classifying HHC under regulations similar to THC. In Europe, several EU countries had already banned HHC before the UN decision. In Latin America, regulation varies widely, with countries like Argentina and Colombia evaluating its legal status.
In Spain, the regulation of new psychoactive substances follows international and European guidelines. With the UN decision, it is likely that Spanish authorities will adopt measures to control HHC, aligning with international regulations.
In Catalonia, known for its progressive approach to cannabis, this decision could spark debates on how to balance strict regulation with harm reduction and public education.
Recommendations for consumers and professionals
At Allora Labs, we emphasize the importance of analysis and quality control in any cannabis-derived product. Given the regulatory uncertainty and identified risks, it is essential that both consumers and professionals in the cannabis sector stay informed and act with caution.
For Consumers: It is strongly recommended to refrain from purchasing or consuming products containing HHC, especially those of questionable origin or without proper certifications. The lack of prior regulation has allowed the circulation of products with variable quality, increasing the risk of adverse effects. It is crucial to demand transparency regarding the composition and origin of these products and seek guidance from reliable sources.
For Industry Professionals: Implementing rigorous analytical protocols to detect and quantify HHC in commercial products is imperative. Ensuring consumer safety and regulatory compliance should be a top priority. Collaborating with specialized laboratories, such as Allora Labs, can help guarantee that products meet the highest standards of quality and safety. Additionally, staying up to date with current regulations and participating in ongoing training programs is highly recommended.